“Yes, I'd like your heart roasted on a spit.”
• In numerous mammal species, including man, testicular temperature is lower than core body temperature. In adult men, scrotal temperature is 3-4°C lower than core (rectal, vaginal) temperature and 1.5-2.5°C above the scrotum skin. The optimum temperature inside a testicle for quantitatively and qualitatively normal human spermatogenesis is considered to be 35-35.5°C (95-96°F), while normal human testicular temperature is physiologically maintained within a range 32-35°C (89.6-95°F).
• The uptake of oxygen in vivo is significantly increased during heating of the testes.
• Temperature of the undescended testis is 1-3 degree higher (33.5-35.3°C) than that of the contralateral normally descended testicles (32-34.4°C).
• A 1-2 degree increase in testis temperature induced at least during waking hours and repeated daily depresses sperm count and percentages of motile and of normal form spermatozoa. A constant daily mild increase (1-2°C) in testicular temperature during waking hours can be used as a potential contraceptive method for men.
• A significant change in sperm velocity is reported in men exposed to high temperatures (37°C (98.6°F), 8 h/day) although sperm concentration, morphology and motility remained unchanged.
• A constant increase in scrotal temperature (0.8-1°C) is insufficient to cause suppression of spermatogenesis or alter sperm function.
• Short and rare exposures to the penis and testicles to the direct touch of the temperature of 6-8°C above that of the body (up to 44-48°C, 111-118°F) seems to stimulate sex drive without damaging quality of semen.
• Baking at an air's temperature of 80-90°C (176-194°F) on 15 minutes of exposing causes increasing of scrotal temperature for 2.5°C (37.5-38°C, 99.5-100.5°F). 30 minutes after indirect baking the scrotal temperature remains more than normal by mean 1.7°C (36.7-37.2°C, 99.5-100.5°F).
• Elevation in testicular temperature above 5-5.5°C (40.5°C, 104.9°F) for 2 hours or more will result in alterations of spermatogenesis.
• Boiling or direct baking of testicles at 43°C (109.4°F) for 30 minutes once daily for 6 consecutive days) results in azoospermia (no spermatozoa in semen) and oligozoospermia (less than normal 50 million and above spermatozoa per 1 ml of semen) through increased germ cell apoptosis (self-annihilation as programmed cell death) with minimal effect on the hormonal milieu.
• After baking at an air's temperature of 80-120°C (176-248°F) for 5-7 minutes followed by pouring into cold water or shower a few times during a cookery session testosterone, beta endorphin, growth hormone levels in men increase, activation of monocytes to bacteria and endotoxins is enhanced, while levels of estrogen, prostaglandin F2alpha, stress hormones adrenalin and noradrenalin drop. However it also causes a substantial rise in the stress hormones ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), prolactin, and cortisol due to hyperthermic stress on the body.
• During the first 15 minutes of indirect baking (70-100°C or 158-212°F of air), testosterone levels in the body increase. After the 15 minutes mark, they started to decrease.
• After exposing a man to the same temperature of 80-90°C (176-194°F) for 30 min per day for 2 weeks his semen volume decreases by 18% to the end of the first week after cessation, restores to the end of the second week and increases by 34% to the end of the week after treatment.
• After exposing a man to the same temperature of 80-90°C (176-194°F) for 30 min per day for 2 weeks his sperm concentration decreases by 20% to the end of the first week after cessation, increases by 33% to the end of the second week and almost restores to the end of the week after treatment.
• After exposing a man to the same temperature of 80-90°C (176-194°F) for 30 min per day for 2 weeks his sperm motility increases by 2% to the end of the first week after cessation, decreases by 3% to the end of the second week and decreases by 6% to the end of the week after treatment.
• After exposing a man to the same temperature of 80-90°C (176-194°F) for 30 min per day for 2 weeks the proportion of spermatozoa with normal form decreases by 7% to the end of the first week after cessation, decreases by 12% to the end of the second week and decreases by 2% to the end of the week after treatment.
• Initial forms of developing sperm (pachytene primary spermatocytes, B spermatogonia and round spermatids) are the most sensitive to overheating. Already developed sperm and A spermatogonia are comparatively heat-resistant foundations.
• If insulation of the testes is prolonged, epididymal sperm may be affected as early as 4 days after insult. This would be first evidenced as an increase in detached heads, followed by other morphologic abnormalities.
• No permanent changes in serum testosterone have been found in relation to cooking balls in young men, even though changes in sperm count and ultrastructure last for several weeks after one heat exposure.
• Sperm count in men exposed to indirect baking for 2 h and 24 min over a 2-week period consistently decreased and exhibited a maximum decline of 50% between 30 and 39 days after cessation of treatment.
• Increase in body temperature in men by baking or boiling of the testes is followed by a decrease in sperm concentration in semen within 1 week after heating, but never earlier, a fall in the number of spermatozoa is observed between 3 and 11 weeks later.
• Decreased semen concentration and alterations in sperm morphology will be noted approximately 40 days after overheating and will remain evident for up to 70 days.
• It will take up to 3 months (12 weeks) after the first heat treatment before spermatogenesis fully recovers and returns to normal.
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